![]() ![]() Given that compare-and-contrast essays analyze the relationship between two subjects, it is helpful to have some phrases on hand that will cue the reader to such analysis. The organizational structure you choose depends on the nature of the topic, your purpose, and your audience. See Figure 10.1 “Comparison and Contrast Diagram”, which diagrams the ways to organize our organic versus conventional vegetables thesis.
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![]() ![]() ![]() In his guide Aymeric describes the French Way as a mass itinerary, with thousands of people going towards Compostela. Unfortunately, it became known in recent years for its theft in the hands of a cathedral worker in 2011, although it was found and returned to his place in 2012. It is what today we would call a kind of tourist guide and, because of its antiquity, the codex is invaluable. This clergyman describes with great thoroughness the routes to Santiago de Compostela, as well as the sanctuaries that can be found in its ways and also gives advice and anecdotes that could prove useful for pilgrims. The Codex Calixtinus is of great interest because besides including stories about miracles and the apostle, it also shows a book attributed to a French monk called Aymeric Picaud. The court went on to say that it was Charlemagne himself who had discovered the remains of the apostle.īook IV of the Codex Calixtino (photo courtesy of Manuel on Flickr under the following conditions) France, because of its border position, became the main place of passage for entry into the Iberian Peninsula.Ĭharlemagne’s court in the 10th century also served as an advertising spot for the pilgrimage to Santiago, since if the north of the peninsula were to become Christian again they would not have to worry about the pressure that the Arabs made in their border with the Pyrenees. The news of the discovery of the relics of Santiago began to spread throughout Europe in the 9th and 10th centuries. France becomes the point of entry: the importance of the franks This road was already fixed in the 11th century, mainly thanks to kings like Sancho III the Great or Alfonso VI. For that reason, the specification of a marked way to peregrinate was important, since it allowed giving a greater protection to the pilgrims. Moreover, when the pilgrimage started, one of the main problems of the travelers was undoubtedly security. Monastery of the Order of Cluny in Carrión de los Condes (photo courtesy of Miguel Ángel García on Flickr under the following conditions) The Cluniac emerged in the 10th century in France and were a significant existence in Spain because of the large number of hospitals and shelters that they made available to the pilgrims. The kings also gave the Order of Cluny support to create a whole network of monasteries throughout northern Spain. That is why they created new villas and made the Way pass through them. It was a great help for the Crown to assure the territory that was recovered from the Arabs, sending Christian groups to populate the empty territories. The French Way and the towns by which it passes began to be defined from the moment in which the discovery of the relics of the apostle in the 9th century took place. The location of these infrastructures, the protection that some paths received by orders of knights who took care of the pilgrims and the morphology of the land ended up defining the different “roads” that today almost everyone continue to peregrinate. It really does not matter which road you take as long as you get to the destination point, but the large number of people who went to the same place, since the Middle Ages, caused a series of infrastructures to arise to attend their necessities. Pilgrimage means going from an initial point to, in this case, Santiago de Compostela. The sponsorship of the Church and the Crown began to define an itinerary Several texts from the XI century speak of it and it is already described as a “mass phenomenon” in a text written by a monk in the 12th century, known today as the “Codex Calixtino” and considered the first tourist guide of history. The so-called French Way is the Jacobean route par excellence and, undoubtedly, the most traveled at all times in the history of the pilgrimage to Santiago. Arrow formed with stones on a path of the French Way (photo courtesy of Paul Quayle) HISTORY OF THE FRENCH WAY ![]() ![]() With its customizable scanning options and extensive file format support, it's a trusted ally for professionals in the field.What is the best watermark remover for PC/ Online/ App?įeatured with advanced AI-powered technology, MarkGo is universally considered as the best video watermark remover in the software market, standing out among average watermark removers. 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If your temperature light fails to activate, or if your dash gauge is not working, you may need to replace your coolant temperature sensor to stay aware of problems in your cooling system. If your engine is frequently overheating or using more gas than usual, this could be an indication of cooling system problems, so it's best to check your coolant level and condition to determine the source of the issue. In some cases, you may not notice any symptoms of failure, but your engine may overheat without warning because your temperature light does not activate. OBDC looks at a number of sensors including coolant temp, intake air temp and more. This may result in especially low or high coolant temperature readings, your vehicle underperforming, or your Check Engine light may come on. Apparently means coolant did not come up to temperature quickly enough. This housing is tucked up into the firewall and the block so it can be difficult to access. The pump dumps the coolant into the water pipe which mates at the rear of the block with the thermostat housing. Engine coolant / antifreeze circulates through your engine to keep it cool in the summer but wont freeze in the winter. To free the water pump you need to remove the water pipe that runs along the right side of the block. In order to get an accurate reading, your 2.4 liter engine should be cool to the touch when you check it. With time and due to exposure to high temperatures, the coolant temperature sensor or switch may wear out and send inaccurate readings or a complete lack of signal to the ECM, gauge, or warning light. Checking the engine coolant (also known as antifreeze) level in your 2007 Pontiac Solstice is pretty easy. ![]() Coolant temperature sensors also deliver information to your engine control module (ECM) to prevent engine damage by engaging limp mode or making other adjustments. This helps prevent damage to your engine due to overheating, which may be caused by low cooling system levels, radiator or thermostat failure, and other factors. The coolant temperature sensor on your vehicle monitors the temperature of your cooling system and feeds the temperature gauge or temperature warning light on your dash. ![]() ![]() ![]() The under-cut is most effective when the fuel load of the two cars is roughly the same (no refuelling) Assuming that Car A and Car B have similar pitstop times, Car A will be ahead of Car B when Car B's pitstop is complete. This strategy works because when in open air, Car A's laptime is faster than Car B during the time period between Car A's pitstop and Car B's pitstop (or, conversely, Car A has traveled more distance than Car B in the same amount of time). The Under-cut : The under-cut is where Car A pits earlier than Car B, exploiting the benefits of a clear track to pass Car B when Car B pits.You have two race-management strategies to use to overtake Car B: Car A is slightly faster than Car B, but Car A is unable to pass Car B. Let's assume Car A is about 1 second behind Car B. Utilize race strategy with under-cuts and over-cuts ![]() Tire stint length = 90% / 6% = 15.00 laps, and will need 20.25 laps of fuel to use the Overtake engine mode for the entire stint. Any fuel amount greater than 17 laps is unnecessary weight and lost time on track.ĭriver B, because of his better smoothness, can go longer on the Soft tires. įrom this, you could either fill up with 17 laps of fuel and be a little bit slower (heavier car), or you can fill up with 16 laps of fuel, knowing that you need to lower the engine mode for a couple of laps to avoid running out of fuel. How much fuel should be put in? Assuming a 12-lap stint and Overtake engine mode fuel usage (1.35 fuel per lap)įuel amount = 12 * 1.35 = 16.2 laps of fuel. So Driver A will do a 12-lap stint on Soft tires. ![]() Tire stint length = tire life (100% - cliff percentage) / tire wear per lap Driver A's strategy will be determined by how long the Soft tires last. Let's assume that you want both drivers to use the Attack driving mode & Overtake engine mode for the start of the race, and start on Soft tires. Both cars use the same amount of fuel per lap, let's say 1.35 fuel per lap on Overtake and 1.08 on High. Driver B has a higher Consistency rating, so his wear rates on Soft tires are 6% on Attack and 4% on Push. So, going back to the 12-lap stint example from before: Let's say in practice, you discover that Driver A wears down a set of Soft tires at a rate of 7% per lap when in Attack mode, and 5% in Push mode. This data will be very useful when setting up your pre-race strategy. This will help you understand how long the tires & fuel will actually last based on your drivers' consistency & smoothness ratings. See how these numbers change when you switch driving modes or engine modes. When you are doing your Race Trim or Qualifying Trim laps, also keep an eye on the fuel and tire usage per lap. The Setup screen will give you a general indication of how long the tires will last, but you can verify this yourself during Practice. It often does not seem like a very significant number-usually only a few hundredths of a second per lap-but if you over-filled by 6 laps, your car could be anywhere from 0.3 - 0.5 seconds per lap slower over an 11-lap race stint. Over-filling will also make you slower (by the time difference per lap of fuel on the Fuel screen). If you are always filling up the fuel tank to the maximum, you may find that you're not using all of the fuel before you pit for fresh tires. So, for example, if you know that your Soft tires are only going to last for 12 laps before they fall off the cliff 10%, you should fill your car with enough fuel so that it is almost empty when you make your pitstop. from pitstop to pitstop) and fuel the car accordingly. Match fuel level and tire wear to stint length In a series where refuelling is allowed, it is important to know how long your tires will last during a race "stint" (i.e. ![]() ![]() ![]() It would be great to have interactive clipart quizzes or games to reinforce learning concepts. The diagrams and icons make complex topics more accessible. Review by appreciate the educational focus of the clipart, perfect for my science class. It would be helpful to have a search filter for different file formats, like SVG and JPEG." I've used it for my science fair project, and the diagrams and icons were just what I needed. Review by clipart collection here is diverse and suits various themes. 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![]() ![]() Note that since IntelliJ IDEA downloads the components required to render layout files, opening it may take a few seconds. In the Android project view, go to the app/res/layout and double-click the activity_main.xml file to open it. Let's modify the auto-generated user interface and see how the application layout is rendered without running it on any physical or virtual device. Edit the UI layoutĪt this stage, the user interface of our sample HelloDroid application is based on a simple layout defined in the activity_main.xml file located in the res/layout folder. The Gradle Scripts folder contains all the project's build-related configuration files. Res: contains all non-code resources, such as XML layout files, UI strings, images, and so on. Java: contains the Java source code files grouped by packages, including JUnit tests. For more information, refer to App Manifest Overview. 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In the Settings dialog ( Control+Alt+S), go to Build, Execution, Deployment | Build Tools | Gradle and select the correct Java version (8.x or 11.x).įor Android projects, there's a dedicated view in the IntelliJ IDEA Project tool window: click Project in the top-left corner and select Android. ![]() If you don't have the correct JDK installed, in the Project Structure dialog, click the Add New SDK button on the toolbar and select Download JDK: We recommend that you use Java SE 11 or Java SE 8 for Android development in IntelliJ IDEA. Select the Android SDK and make sure that the correct Java version is selected in the Java SDK field. Go to File | Project Structure and go to Platform Settings | SDKs. Now that we have created our first project, let's make sure it uses the correct JDK. 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